18231: (Chamberlain) Two sides trade accusations (fwd)

[Bob Corbett <corbetre@webster.edu>]

From: Greg Chamberlain <GregChamberlain@compuserve.com>

(Washington Post, 2 Feb 04)


In Haiti, Two Sides and Bloodshed Between

Political Crisis Deepens as President’s Supporters, Opposition Trade
Accusations

By DeNeen L. Brown



PORT-AU-PRINCE -- The fear of death has run through the streets like the
dirty water. At least 47 Haitians have been killed in recent months,
officials report, and dozens injured. In one case, a man’s heart and eyes
were carved out by assailants to show he had seen too much.

Anti-government protesters have burned tires and hurled rocks, demanding
that President Jean-Bertrand Aristide resign. His supporters have fought
back, chanting, "Aristide ! Five years !"

Inside the grand white presidential palace, Aristide, the former priest on
whom thousands of poor Haitians hung their hopes, called on Friday for an
end to the killing. Beside him sat the wife of Lyonel Victor, 27, a
pro-government protester who was killed two days earlier by a police tear
gas canister that pierced his chest.

"It is a horrible thing that happened," Aristide told Victor’s family and
the masses beyond the palace during a broadcast news conference. "The whole
country is tired of death and lies. The whole country condemns all the
killings, the whole country condemns the pain. The fight for power
shouldn’t bring us to death."

But in Haiti, nothing is as it seems. In this poor country of about 8
million people, where voodoo is considered a national religion and some
people believe in mermaids and that the dead walk the streets, the
political situation is mired in complexities. There are shades of meaning
in a simple handshake and twists of the truth in the flash of a smile. Even
those killed in the violence are sometimes claimed by both sides in the
crisis.

What is clear is that tension has been mounting between those who support
Aristide and those who oppose him. The political crisis has deepened as a
coalition of opposition parties and businessmen has called for the ouster
of Aristide, who returned to office in 1994 with U.S. government backing
following a 1991 military coup. He was reelected president in 2000.

At the palace, Aristide, wearing a black suit and his trademark gold
wire-framed glasses, defended his administration. He said he will not
resign and will serve the last two years of his term.

"We will have elections and security," he said in an interview, seated next
to the Haitian flag, his portrait hanging above his head. "Without
elections, there is no way to have peace," Aristide said. "I think it’s
linked to a simple one-man, one-woman vote."

Aristide said opponents are trying to destabilize the country because they
realize his government still has majority support.

"In Haiti we still have political parties and citizens not ready to embrace
democracy. Why do they refuse to go to elections ? They fear that simple
and important principle : one man, one vote. I think we are all equal. I
think the peasant and the rich man are all equal."

Aristide’s opponents contend that the president has squandered
opportunities for reform, that his government is corrupt and surrounded by
thugs who commit murder to hold on to power. They criticize Aristide for
failing to raise the country’s majority out of poverty, to improve literacy
rates or to deliver one of the basic necessities of life, clean water.
Critics say the country is still riddled with widespread corruption,
injustice, human rights violations, unemployment and hunger. They accuse
Aristide and his Lavalas Party of creating gangs to threaten
anti-government protesters and kill anti-government activists.

"Aristide, when he came back, he had a tremendous opportunity," said Andre
Apaid Jr., a U.S.-born opposition leader. "But rather than behave as an
assembler, he kept being more preoccupied about how to build a machine to
prolong his power."

The political crisis escalated on Jan. 12, when the country’s parliament
ceased operating after most legislative terms expired. Squabbling prevented
an agreement on new election procedures, leaving the country with no
functioning legislature. Since then, marches have grown.

The opposition -- the Democratic Convergence and the Group of 184, made up
of students, business people and some of the country’s wealthy elite -- has
called for a group of "wise men" to run the country. "Since parliament is
dissolved, we are calling for nine wise men who will choose the prime
minister until the next election," said Apaid, who coordinates the Group of
184.

After returning from a Caribbean Community meeting in Jamaica over the
weekend, Aristide said he would agree to meet with opponents and take steps
for the safety of demonstrators. "As civilized people," he said, "we agree
with each other in building the rule of law."

Government supporters charge that the leaders of the 1991 coup that ousted
Aristide are behind the current opposition. "Some of the old coup leaders
are involved," said a government source. "The elite run everything. They
control everything. They paid for the coup in 1991. They paid money to the
military to make the payroll after the coup."

Aristide was once called Haiti’s savior. His message of peace and
empowerment for the poor eventually led to the ouster of the Duvalier
family that controlled the country for decades. Aristide was voted
president in 1990, the first freely elected chief of state. But he was
forced into exile 10 months later. There was widespread rejoicing when
Aristide returned to Haiti, protected by U.S. troops, after four years of
exile.

"So many people believed in him," said Jean H. Laurenceau, 50, a business
manager. "The problem is, President Aristide will promise you God when God
is not even his friend. That is why he is in trouble. He promised too much
and has never done what he promised."

Aristide’s followers blame failed support by the United States and European
countries for many of the country’s problems. The U.S.-backed decision to
freeze $500 million in international loans to Haiti after disputed
legislative elections in 2000 has hurt the country, government officials
said. In July, after Haiti paid $32 million in debt, some of the loans were
released, but government officials said they have not yet received any
disbursements. U.S. officials acknowledge that Haiti needs the loans to
develop its infrastructure, but express concern that aid may be misspent.

"This is clearly a country facing overwhelming problems : agriculture,
environment, urban blight and disease. It is an afflicted country and an
afflicted people," a U.S. diplomat said. "However, for the international
community to be able to help address these problems, it needs a partner in
the government of Haiti committed to the rule of law."

Government officials here also charge that the Bush administration supports
the opposition. The diplomat said : "The United States stands for
democratic principles in Haiti. The Haitian government’s corruption of the
police and the egregious use of street gangs must change as a predicate for
improving the relationship with the international community."

Jonas Petit, head of the Lavalas Party, says the United States is
practicing economic blackmail. "Nobody can understand this situation,"
Petit said in an interview. "We are talking about the most powerful and
richest country in the world against the poorest country in the
hemisphere."

Government supporters charge that opposition leaders do not have a plan to
improve Haiti. But opposition leaders counter that they are protesting
because there is too much corruption to wait two years for the next
scheduled presidential election.

"Aristide is a disguised dictator," said Evans Paul, a former ally who
turned against Aristide and has now become an outspoken leader of the
opposition Convention for Democratic Unity. "Because he is running this
country so badly, every day he stays in power is catastrophic for the
country," Paul said. "Aristide is known as a man who never keeps his word.
Nobody can trust him."

Paul, who describes himself as coming from a modest family, is a former
journalist, former mayor of Port-au-Prince and a playwright. He smiled, but
did not answer directly when asked whether he was a leader in the
opposition. "That is what they say out there," he said. "In Haiti, the
leader is the one most listened to by the people." Paul charged that the
murders of government supporters had been staged by the Aristide
government, and that none had been committed by the opposition.

"Haiti is a confused country because the information is so manipulated
mostly with the government," Paul said.

A rooster crowed outside Paul’s office, where rifle-toting guards were on
patrol. A breeze was blowing as the city grew dark. The mountains turned
black against a gray Caribbean sky. Peasants could be seen walking up a
hill balancing loads of supplies on their heads.

In another part of the city, a funeral march wound past the chaotic street
traffic, as vendors sold used car parts, toothbrushes and cigarettes.
Graffiti reading "Viva Aristide pou 5 An," or "Long Live Aristide -- 5
Years," were scrawled on buildings in blue and red spray paint. "Too much
bloodshed !" the marchers chanted.

Some of the mourners were carrying a sign : Adieu Francis Pinchinat.
Pinchinat, an Aristide supporter, was another victim of recent violence.

The concrete cemetery entrance was across a bridge over a ravine flooded
with garbage and bluish gray water, in which two boys upstream were
bathing. The mourners hesitated to carry their friend through the gates of
death, then rushed suddenly forward, circling the coffin, singing and
crying. Finally, they crossed the bridge, walked to the grave site and
lowered the coffin into the ground. Some mourners then pulled out guns and
fired into the air, not worrying where the bullets eventually would fall.