20609: Esser: US-led occupation force targets Haiti's slums

[Bob Corbett <corbetre@webster.edu>]

From: D. Esser torx@joimail.com

World Socialist Web Site
http://www.wsws.org

20 March, 2004

US-led occupation force targets Haiti’s slums
By Keith Jones

The US-led international “stabilization” force that descended on
Haiti after Washington engineered a coup against the Caribbean-island
country’s elected president has begun moving aggressively into urban
areas loyal to deposed president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The force’s
stated aim is to restore order by disarming both pro-and
anti-Aristide groups. But its targeting of the slums of
Port-au-Prince underscores that the principal goal of the
stabilization force is to quell popular opposition to Haiti’s new
US-installed regime.

Last weekend US Marines repeatedly made bloody forays into Belair, a
poor neighborhood near the presidential palace. The Marines reported
that they killed two gunmen after coming under attack on the evening
of Friday, March 12. But Belair residents told Reuters that as many
as 11 bystanders had been killed in crossfire and relatives of
several persons shot by the Marines insisted to the Associated Press
that they had not been involved in political violence. US Marine
Major Richard Cruson vehemently denied the Belair residents’ claims,
but conceded no weapons had been recovered from the alleged gunmen.

Last Sunday, a Marine was shot and wounded in Belair while US forces
exchanged fire with chimères, armed gangs supportive of Haiti’s
deposed president. The next day, 120 Marines swept through the
neighborhood. Some were on foot, others in armoured vehicles mounted
with machine guns. International news agencies reported many Belair
residents were defiant, taunting the US forces as occupiers and
shouting “Vive Aristide.”

By midweek, French troops were setting up roadblocks in the Cité du
Soleil to search for weapons. The Cité, the original base of
Aristide’s popular support, is a massive slum aside Port-au-Prince
harbor. Many of its 400,000 residents live in one-room shacks lacking
both electricity and running water.

Fascist gunmen given free rein

The stabilization force’s intrusion into the shantytowns and poorer
neighborhoods of Port-au-Prince stands in sharp contrast to the hands
off approach both it and the new government have adopted toward the
rebel army that the Bush administration and Haiti’s self-styled
democratic opposition—a disparate coalition dominated by the
country’s traditional business and political elite—used to topple
Aristide.

The rebels are led by and comprised of enforcers of former Haitian
dictatorships, including leaders of the notorious FRAPH death squad.
Senior Bush administration officials have themselves labelled the
rebels thugs and criminals. Yet almost three weeks after Aristide was
driven from power and the US-led stabilization force began deploying
to Haiti, the rebels continue to be allowed to function as the
effective government in much of the country, including Haiti’s second
largest city, Cap-Haitien. Under their rule, an unknown number of
Aristide supporters have been killed in a wave of reprisal killings.

Light on the rebels’ modus operandi is shed by a March 17 Miami
Herald report. It says the rebels who control the Haitian border city
of Ouanaminthe kidnapped 13 visitors from the Dominican Republic last
weekend and held them hostage until they secured the release of a
rebel arrested by Dominican authorities for killing two Dominican
soldiers on border patrol February 14. Caciano Lora, governor of the
adjacent Dominican province, told the Hreald he had no choice but to
bow to the rebels’ demands: “We complied with the demand because the
lives of Dominicans were at risk. We were told they would assassinate
them if we didn’t release their leader.”

On Tuesday, retired Haitian army general Herard Abraham—the
soon-to-be named minister of the interior and national security in
Haiti’s new government—met with rebel commander Guy Philippe.
Following the meeting, Philippe told Reuters the two had discussed
disarming Aristide’s supporters, then boasted that Abraham had made
no mention of the need for the rebels to disarm, let alone quizzed
him about the modalities of any rebel disarmament.

Lieutenant-Colonel Jim Davis, commander of what will soon be a
450-man Canadian army contingent in Haiti, has signalled that the
stabilization force will skirt the issue of the rebels as long as
they continue to vow loyalty to the US’s puppet regime. Haiti’s
traditional elite has feted the rebels as heroes.

“Any weapons that could potentially pose a threat to the
multinational force will be confiscated,” Davis affirmed on arriving
in Haiti Wednesday. “We will disarm the bad guys, but those people
entitled to have weapons for any number of reasons yet to be defined
will have an opportunity to carry them.”

Haiti’s business elite have large numbers of armed men in their pay.
Many of these security guards are recruits from the Haitian armed
forces, which Aristide disbanded in 1995 because of its decades-long
role in supporting bloody authoritarian regimes. Should Philippe and
his men not realize their ambition to be incorporated in a revived
Haitian army, many of the rebels will undoubtedly find employment in
these private armies.

Although Aristide—Haiti’s effective ruler from 1994 through his
ouster last month—abandoned his reform program and implemented the
incendiary socioeconomic prescriptions of the IMF, the Bush
administration long sought regime change in Haiti. Like Haiti’s
traditional business and political elite, the Republican right
identified the defrocked Silesian priest with an intolerable popular
challenge to the socioeconomic order that has made Haiti the most
impoverished and socially polarized country in the Americas.

A government of reaction

The character of the coup the Bush administration orchestrated in
Haiti is further indicated by the composition of the new government
formed in Port-au-Prince.

Initially, both Bush administration officials and Gérard Latortue—the
man delegated as Haiti’s interim prime minister by a US-sponsored
committee of “eminent persons”—spoke about the need for a government
of “national unity” that would have representation from all the
country’s major political forces. Yet the new 13-member cabinet does
not include even one member of Aristide’s Lavalas Party.

“There is no climate of national reconciliation,” exclaimed Leslie
Voltaire, who was the token Lavalas representative on the “eminent
persons” committee. “We are under threat, we can’t meet. There is a
witch-hunt against Lavalas.”

Latortue has justified the exclusion of Lavalas from his cabinet by
claiming he opted for a government of “technocrats,” and also didn’t
name any leaders of the anti-Aristide parties. But virtually all of
his ministers were themselves either well-known opponents of
Aristide, like Justice Minister Bernard Gousse, or were nominated by
organizations that played a prominent role in the opposition Group of
184.

The exclusion of the most prominent leaders of the anti-Aristide
opposition parties makes it all the more probable that General
Abraham will emerge as the government’s true leader. Whereas Latortue
is a Florida-based business consultant and television host who has
spent most of the last four decades outside in Haiti, Abraham is
well-known to both Washington and Haiti’s elite.

Abraham was the head of Haiti’s armed forces from 1987 to 1990,
including during the bloody dictatorship of General Prosper Avril. He
then supervised the transition to an elected government in 1990-91.
Under Abraham’s tutelage, Washington expected that Marc Bazin, a
former World Bank official it had groomed for Haiti’s presidency,
would secure victory. But, to its consternation, Haiti’s hitherto
disenfranchised poor brought Aristide to power.

Abraham was on the “eminent persons” short list for the post of
interim prime minister. However, ultimately it was deemed so blatant
a handing of the reins of power to a lifelong member of Haiti’s
reviled armed forces would further undermine the regime’s claim to
popular and constitutional legitimacy.

No sooner was Abraham sworn in as interior and national security
minister than he announced that a commission will be established to
study how the army—for decades the principal bulwark of Haitian
reaction—can be revived. Declared Abraham, “With the instability and
the amount of guns that are spread around the country, we need a
force that can proceed with disarmament.”

US Ambassador James Foley was quick to hail the new government. He
told the press, “Latortue chose wisely,” adding that Haiti could now
expect a significant inflow of aid from Washington.

For his part, French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin has told
Latortue he will visit Haiti within the next month to demonstrate
France’s support for the new government. Never in the 200 years since
Haiti won its independence from France has a French foreign minister
previously deigned to visit the Caribbean-island country.

Canada has also emerged as a pillar of Haiti’s US-imposed government.
It is the third largest contributor to the 2,800-man, four-country
stabilization force and Ottawa has indicated it will probably keep
troops in the country after the stabilization force’s three-month UN
Security Council mandate expires.

Outside the confines of Washington, Paris and Ottawa, Haiti’s new
government is sorely lacking in international legitimacy. The
association of Caribbean states, CARICOM, and the 53-country African
Union have demanded an investigation into the circumstances under
which the US and France refused to assist Aristide’s government in
meeting the rebel challenge, then hustled Haiti’s elected-president
from the country.

Jamaica has refused to recognize Haiti’s new government, pending a
meeting of Caricom slated for March 25-26. And to Washington’s
dismay, since last Monday Jamaica has been giving Aristide, who was
being held under virtual house arrest in the Central African
Republic, temporary refuge. So incensed is the Bush administration,
it is preparing to retaliate against Jamaica. The Miami Herald quotes
a “well-placed US official as saying, “I think you are going to see a
cooling of relations. Their actions on Haiti ... have damaged
US-CARICOM relations a great deal.”
.