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From: tonisanon@aol.com


hi,
I'm not sure this explains the reference entirely but Michel Laguerre writes
in _Voodoo and Politics in Haiti_  (1989) that, according to the oral
tradition, Toussaint Louverture "practiced his ancestors' religion secretly"
(while
outwardly denouncing it). He quotes Milo Rigaud who wrote that Louverture
worshipped Ogoun Feraille his Voodoo spirit protector. I've read several times
that
Louverture was associated with Ogun; never with Gede. Carolyn Fick's _The
Haitian Revolution from Below_might be a useful resource.
best,
toni sanon

**********************************************
antoinette pressley-sanon
dept. of african languages and literature
university of wisconsin-madison
(608) 238-7714
tonisanon@aol.com
*********************************************