#1862: Haiti's trail of woes( 1941-1999) (fwd)

[Robert Corbett <bcorbett@netcom.com>]

From: Max Blanchet <MaxBlanchet@worldnet.att.net>

Haiti
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Acronyms:

P.CEM: President of the Military Executive Committee
P.JGR: President of the Government Junta of the Republic
C.PPE: Provisional Head of the Executive Power
C.EMAH: Haitian Army Chief of General Staff
CEG: Executive Government Council
P.CMG: President of the Ruling Military Council
P.CNG: Chairman of the National Council of Government
P.GM: President of the Military Government
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Présidents of the  Republic

Élie Lescot            15 May 1941 - 11 Jan 1946 (+1974)  civilian
Franck Lavaud      11 Jan 1946 - 16 Aug 1946 ?    P.CEM, military
Dumarsais Estimé 16 Aug 1946 - 10 May 1950 (+1953)  civilian
Franck Lavaud       10 May 1950 -  6 Dec 1950 ? P.JGR, military
Paul E. Magloire     6 Dec 1950 - 12 Dec 1956   civilian/military (1)  
Joseph N. Pierre-Louis 12 Dec 1956 -  4 Feb 1957 ?  C.PPE, civilian (provisional)
Franck Sylvain       7 Feb 1957 -  1 Apr 1957 ?  civilian (provisional)
Léon Cantave        1 Apr 1957 -  6 Apr 1957 ?   C.EMAH, military
          ----------        6 Apr 1957 - 20 May 1957   CEG (provisional) (2)
Léon Cantave        20 May 1957 - 25 May 1957 ?  C.EMAH, military
Daniel Fignolé      25 May 1957 - 14 Jun 1957 (+1986)  civilian (provisional)
Antonio T. Kebreau 14 Jun 1957 - 22 Oct 1957 (+1963)  P.CMG, military
François Duvalier     22 Oct 1957 - 21 Apr 1971 (+)  civilian (3)
Jean-Claude Duvalier 21 Apr 1971 -  6 Feb 1986   civilian
Henri Namphy             6 Feb 1986 -  7 Feb 1988   P.CNG, military
Leslie F. Manigat      7 Feb 1988 - 20 Jun 1988 civilian
Henri Namphy           20 Jun 1988 - 17 Sep 1988   P.GM, military
Prosper Avril             17 Sep 1988 - 10 Mar 1990   P.GM, military
Hérard Abraham       10 Mar 1990 - 13 Mar 1990    P.GM, military (interim)
Ertha Pascal-Trouillot 13 Mar 1990 -  7 Feb 1991   civilian (provisional) (4)
Jean-Bertrand Aristide 7 Feb 1991 -  8 Oct 1991  civilian (5)
Raoul Cédras              1 Oct 1991 -  8 Oct 1991   military Junta (6)
Joseph C. Nérette       8 Oct 1991 - 19 Jun 1992  civilian (7)
Marc-Louis Bazin         19 Jun 1992 - 15 Jun 1993 civilian (8)
Jean-Bertrand Aristide 15 Jun 1993 - 12 May 1994 civilian (9)
Émile Jonassaint          12 May 1994 - 12 Oct 1994 (+1995)  civilian (7)
Jean-Bertrand Aristide  12 Oct 1994 -  7 Feb 1996   civilian
René Garcia Préval        7 Feb 1996 -                        civilian

(1) From 6 Dec 1956 Magloire served as Head of
the Executive Power.

(2) Members of the 1957 Executive Government Council:
Léonce M. Bernard, Georges Bretous, Stuart Cambronne,
Antoine Pierre-Pau (to 24 Apr 1957), Vilfort Beauvoir
(to 24 Apr 1957), Weber Michaud, Seymour Lamothe,
Raoul Daguilh, Théodore A. Nicoleau (to 24 Apr 1957),
Ernest B. Danache, Emmanuel Bruny, Max Bolté,
Grégoire Eugène.

(3) Chief of the revolution from 15 to 22 May 1963.

(4) In rebellion, provisional president Roger Lafontant
(+1991) on 7 Jan 1991.

(5) Aristide was ousted in the 30 Sep 1991 coup,
but Raoul Cédras' military regime did not institute an
official change until the appointment/election of Joseph
Nérette. Additionally, Aristide was recognized as legal
president (in exile) by the international community
during the military rule.

(6) Regardless the official presidents, the military Junta
led by Gral. Raoul Cédras retained the power (de facto)
in the term 1991-94. Philippe Biamby and Joseph François
completed the military triunvirate.

(7) Provisional civilian president under military rule.

(8) Prime minister, acted as provisional president.

(9) Aristide was temporarily acknowledged as
president by the Junta, while still in exile, according
to the terms of Governor Island Agreements. He finally
returned Haiti following the US-led international
invasion.
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Prime Ministers

Martial Célestin                1988
René Préval                     1991
Jean-Jacques Honorat    1991-1992 (interim)
Marc Bazin                       1992-1993
Robert Malval                   1993-1994
Smarck Michel                  1994-1995
Claudette Werleigh           1995-1996
Rony Smarth                     1996-1997
 --- vacant ---                     1997-1999
Jacques-Édouard Alexis   1999-

(Full dates and offices are courtesy of Juan Jorge Schäffer)
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Roberto Ortiz de Zarate
ziaorarr@jet.es