3. Declines will be evident for most abilities for
individuals of any age who have severe
central nervous system disease and for those
in their 50s and 60s who live in deprived
environments.
4. Data on independent samples will over
estimate loss for abilities (no benefit of
practice). Dependent samples will better
measure age changes for those in good health
and stimulating environments and
underestimate loss for those in poor health
and impoverished environments.
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