Peace and Conflict Exam III Study Guide

You should be able to:

• Discuss the factors and problems involved in meeting a population's biological needs

• Discuss the unique needs for assistance among refugees/displaced persons, women, children, soldiers, humanitarian aid workers, and peacekeepers

• Discuss the tasks associated with psychosocial assistance such as:
  Demobilization and social reintegration of combatants.
  Documentation, tracing, and reunification
  Healing wounds of war
  Education
  Resettlement
  Building civil society
  Truth, justice, and reconciliation

• Discuss the various methods associated with "solving the inventing problem"

• Explain the Circle Chart (p. 154, CWIC) and provide an example of its use

• Explain what is meant by "seeing problems through a rear view mirror"

• Differentiate between the goals and outcomes associated with victory, power, and peace

• Explain the use of the "purpose tool" (p. 164, CWIC)

• Describe the process involved in designing a strategy and differences between the strategies of self-help, education, and influence

• Describe the factors and benefits involved in finding a feasable decision-maker

• Relate the issues discussed in chapters 12 - 14 of CWIC to the bombing campaign in Vietnam

• Discuss the factors associated with the limited effectiveness of inflicted pain particularly
  the anticipation of cost
  why increasing pain is ineffective
  why reversing a decision through pain is unlikely

• Discuss why threats are costing to the side making the threat particularly in terms of
  economic costs
  reputation costs
  precedent costs
  distraction costs

• Discuss why high costs make actually give the other side hope

• Discuss the process through which a decision to threat may become a decision to implement

• Analyze the infliction of pain using the factors described in Chart 13-1 on page 201

• Explain the use of the Costs and Benefits Circle as described on in CWIC on page 203

• Explain the distinction between threats and warnings

• Discuss the benefits associated with changing of a demand particularly
  how a new question requires a new answer
  how a new question does not require a reversal of an earlier decision
  how a new question frees a group from domestic constraints

• Discuss the disadvantages of asking a new question

• Discuss the advantages of reframing the same demand particularly
  how it can improve the offer in the other side's eyes
  how it can reduce the disadvantages of making the decision
  how a group can reframe the demand as procedural
  the benefit as asking for a promise of action as opposed to an action
  asking the other side not to act as opposed to asking for an action

• Discuss the benefits associated with dividing the problem into smaller components particularly
  limiting the scope of the dispute
  dividing the conflict into smaller issues
  using small steps to accomplish a larger goal

• Discuss the issues involved with taking advantage of timing particularly
  giving the other side the benefits sooner
  giving the other side a fading opportunity

• Discuss the issues involved in making a demand more credible particularly
  why it is important that the demand be credible
  the necessity of having a reputation for credibility
  why credible offers erert more influence

• Discuss why a side should not ask for more than is reasonable particularly
  how padding of the offer/demand may harm the negotiation process
  how padding puts a the side making the offer in a weak position
  how padding limits other options
  how padding harms a groups reputation

• Discuss why it is important to make a demand specific particularly
  why ambiguous offers have limited benefits
  why ambiguous offers often do not result in action

• Explain the characteristics associated with specific demands

• Explain ways to make an offer more credible particularly
  ways to increase the probability that an offer will be implemented
  outlining ways that the plan can be implemented to demonstrate commitment
  having an implementation plan to demonstrate capability

• Distinquish between and discuss the benefits of a first- and second-order compliance mechanisms

• Explain the use of the Currently Perceived Choice Tool as presented in Chart 17-1 on page 261 of CWIC

• Explain the use of the Target Future Choice Tool as presented in Chart 17-3 on page 263 of CWIC

• Discuss the methods and benefits of finding and constructing a "yesable" proposition

• Discuss the current worldwide situation and international laws concerning the use of landmines

• Discuss the impact of landmines on a population psychologically and physically both during and post conflict

• Discuss the various factors associated with type of mine, rationale behind placement of specific types of mines, and time factors associated with the use of mines

• Discuss the factors and problems associated with the clearing of mines

• Discuss the physical, psychological, sociological, and cultural effects of landmines on victims, cultures, and the world

• Discuss factors associated with post-conflict peacebuilding

• Discuss factors associated with post-conflict reconstruction

• Discuss the process and importance associated with post-conflict elections

• Discuss the role of "actors" post-conflict both external and internal particularly
  United Nations
  international community
  NGOs
  Regional associationsand neighboring communities

• Discuss the factors associated with forgiveness and reconciliation in peacebuilding

• Discuss the factors associated with and the meaning of forgiveness

• Describe and explain the structural model of fogiveness and its role in peacekeeping as described in the PoP text on Page 211

• Discuss the meaning of and factors associated with reconciliation in peacekeeping

• Discuss the process and notion of reconciliation elections

• Discuss the reason why elections are a necessary component of a peace settlement particularly as it relates to the
  international community
  warring parties

• Discuss the factors associated with demobalization

• Discuss all of the factors associated with the electoral process from voter registration to the actual elections

• Discuss what is meant by "Treating the New World Disorder"

• Discuss the factors associated with treating the new world disorder including diagnosis, prescription, and prognosis

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