8176: FWD: Myths About Haiti (fwd)

[Bob Corbett <corbetre@webster.edu>]

From: Racine125@aol.com

MYTHS ABOUT HAITI
by The Haiti Action Committee, California
haitiaction@yahoo.com

US Press Coverage Versus Haitian Reality

MYTH:  Elections held in Haiti in 2000 were fraudulent, therefore calling into
question the legitimacy of the presidency of Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

"Every national election since 1997, including the one last Nov. 26 in which
Mr. Aristide claimed victory, has been ruled fraudulent by independent outside
observers."  - Wall Street Journal, January 26, 2001

REALITY:  Both the May parliamentary and local elections and the November 26th
presidential elections were historic for their non-violence and popular
participation.  There was a prolonged international controversy regarding the
technicalities of the May 21st parliamentary elections.  Both the Organization
of American States, as well as the governments of the US and Canada, now agree
that Aristide's popular mandate is undeniable and have recognized the need to
work with his government.  Presently, it is only the opposition coalition, the
Democratic Convergence, that refuses to recognize the legitimacy of the
Aristide government.

Voters turned out in large numbers across the country to vote in the November
26, 2000 presidential elections.  The Electoral Council projected 
participation
at 61%, a number supported by the largest group of domestic observers, 
KOZEPEP.
 A campaign of intimidation in the form of sporadic pipe bombs in
Port-au-Prince throughout the week leading up to the elections convinced some
people to stay at home during the early parts of the day.

MYTH:  Haiti is deteriorating into violence; things are worse now than under
Duvalier.

"Economic deterioration, drug trafficking, and political assassination of
Lavalas critics have defined Mr. Aristide's Haiti." - Wall Street Journal,
January 26, 2001

REALITY:  Since Aristide was first elected in 1990, Haiti experienced a bloody
military coup d'etat that resulted in the political assassination of over 
5,000
people.  Since Aristide's return to Haiti in 1994, and his abolition of the
military in 1995, state sponsored terrorism is no longer part of the daily
lives of Haiti's citizens.  Freedom of speech has been one of the most
prominent gains in the post 1994 period.  Critics from all sides can and do
speak out in Haiti.  Despite this progress, political violence in the form of
assassinations and assassination attempts has continued with leaders on all
sides of the political spectrum falling victim, including the sister of 
Lavalas
President Preval.

Haiti's democracy is young and fragile, the police force is inexperienced and
the justice system, which for the first 200 years of Haiti's history served
only those who could buy justice, will take years to transform.  However, 
there
has been progress.  The trial of police officers for the murder of residents 
in
Carrefour Feuilles in September 2000 and the October 2000 conviction of 19
former military and paramilitary members for their roles in the Raboteau
massacre were landmarks for human rights.  These cases showed that the justice
system and the current government were not only capable of prosecuting crimes
during the coup, but also of holding its own police force accountable for
crimes committed now.

Mainstream media focus on violence in Haiti completely obscures the progress 
of
the past few years. The following are just a few milestones.

- Haitians have elected local governments for the first time, a major step
towards the process of decentralizing power away from the city and into the
countryside.

- Haiti launched a major land reform program, which, while not without its
critics, has put land tenure at the center of national policy with peasant
farmers directly participating in the process for the first time in history.

- The Haitian government has made major investments in agriculture, public
transportation and education, with more schools built in Haiti between
1994-2000 than between 1804 and 1994.

MYTH:  Aristide has refused to Condemn Violence by his Supporters.

"Political violence that has left three dead and 16 injured spread to Haiti's
provinces Wednesday as the government threatened to arrest opposition leaders,
repeating the very warnings that sparked the latest attacks...Aristide, in 
this
first public statement on the issue, did not condemn the attacks but said he
was 'asking all citizens to promote peace." - Associated Press, March 21, 2001

REALITY:  The March 21st headline of Haiti's center-right paper, Le
Nouvelliste, read, "Aristide condemns without reserve all acts of violence."
The actual text of his speech read, "Because we want peace, we condemn without
reserve all acts of violence."  In the particular incident referred to in this
article, the AP writer failed to mention that while Lavalas supporters threw
rocks at the office building of the Democratic Convergence, individuals within
the building were reaching out the windows and shooting into the crowd with
automatic fire.  The three killed were all Lavalas supporters.

MYTH:  Aristide is a dictator, violently suppressing the opposition.

REALITY:  Protesters in the streets of Port-au-Prince have been demanding the
arrest of Gerard Gourgue, the leader of the Democratic Convergence.  They are
supporters of Aristide who feel strongly that the Convergence is waging an
illegal campaign to destroy a democratically elected government.  However,
Aristide has repeatedly condemned the violence on both sides and has asked for
negotiations with the opposition leaders.  Aristide stepped down as president
in 1995 marking the first peaceful transfer of power in Haiti's history.  His
inauguration on Feb. 7, 2001 marks the second.  Aristide abolished the army in
1995 after the end of the military-led coup.  Gourgue, the "virtual president"
of the opposition, has repeatedly called for the army's return.

MYTH: Haiti is a major drug trafficking country.

"Columbia narcotics traffickers have established a firm beachhead and, with
their Haitian confederates, have largely succeeded in consolidating a
narco-state in Haiti."
- Representative Gilman, Senator Helms and Representative Goss issue a
statement on Haitian elections, December 8, 2000

REALITY:  Haiti's proximity to the US has resulted in an increase in drug
transport from Columbia to the US by way of Haiti.  Cocaine is not produced 
nor
consumed in large quantities in Haiti.  In fact, Haiti has allowed the US Drug
Enforcement Agency to board ships in Haitian waters and to inspect Haitian
ports.  Haiti has a small police force, a tiny coast guard and extremely
limited resources to fight drug trafficking.  It is absurd to expect Haiti to
stem the flow of drugs.  Like many other countries in the Caribbean, Haiti is 
a
victim of geography, sitting as it does between a site of drug production in
South America and the huge drug market in the United States.  The Haitian
people are suffering an increase in crime and arms trading as a consequence.

MYTH:  The United States has spent billions of dollars to bail out Haiti and
this money has all been wasted. 

"Haiti is one the world's poorest countries, and yet, says George Fauriol
(Center for Strategic and International Studies), its proximity to the United
States gave it a golden opportunity.  Mr. Fauriol: 'Unlike most other 
countries
in the world, Haiti has, in fact, ironically, been provided with an unusual 
set
of circumstances of goodwill from the United States, from the international
community.  And that goodwill has been, in many ways, wasted." - NPR, March 
10,
2000

REALITY:  Haiti's proximity to the US has resulted in two American military
interventions in the last 100 years.  The 1915 occupation, inspired by the
Monroe Doctrine, ended in 1934 but not before Haiti became the number one
source of cheap labor for US business interests in the Caribbean. US
intervention in 1994 was supposed to restore democracy to Haiti.  But the US
never disarmed the paramilitary terrorists of the FRAPH and other former
military operatives.  The U.S. continues to harbor death squad leaders and to
withhold 60,000 pages of FRAPH and military records which document human 
rights
abuses committed during the coup.  All this helped lay the groundwork for the
current insecurity in Haiti.

The 1994 US intervention was also accompanied by strict conditions of IMF
backed structural adjustment programs that have resulted in an increased
marginalization of the poor population, an inability of the Haitian government
to support national agricultural production, and a serious devaluation of the
Haitian currency.  The same economic squeeze continues today.

While internal factors are also significant in the crisis Haiti faces today,
Haitians have paid a heavy price for the "goodwill of the United States."


What's At Stake in Haiti?

In 1893 Frederick Douglass, then envoy to Haiti, said he felt compelled to
defend Haiti against the prejudices of "newspaper correspondents and six day
tourists" by pointing out that Haiti seemed capable of enduring crisis without
"falling to pieces and without being hopelessly abandoned to barbarism."

Not much has changed.  According to much of the mainstream media, Haiti is
still on the brink of chaos.  Despite the fact that President Jean-Bertrand
Aristide was elected with over 70% of the popular vote, the press casts
Aristide as an illegitimate ruler while it touts an elite opposition with no
demonstrable popular support as a "shadow government."

Laced with racism and condescension, corporate media reports depict Haitians 
as
failures at democracy and incapable of running their own country.  Just as in
1990 when President Aristide was first elected, there is now a concerted
campaign to destabilize and isolate the Haitian government.

At a minimum, this intense international pressure severely limits the ability
of the Haitian people and government to create progressive social and economic
change.

In 1990, this type of campaign contributed to the violent overthrow of Haiti's
elected government and to the deaths of 5,000 Haitians during the three years
of military rule that followed.

Under the best of circumstances Haiti faces enormous challenges: a harrowing
polarization of wealth, economic poverty, lack of infrastructure, a badly
damaged environment, and the legacy of centuries of education denied to the
majority.

Why are the United States Government and its media mouthpieces mounting a
campaign against a country and people struggling under such difficult
circumstances towards genuine democratic development?

1.  Haiti has a vibrant and well-organized popular movement.

During the 1980s a highly diverse and organized popular movement grew up in
Haiti.  Made up of thousands of urban neighborhood groups, peasant
organizations, women's and human rights groups, this movement led the fight to
overthrow the Duvalier regime in 1986, paved the way for Haiti's first
democratic elections in 1990, and heroically resisted the coup d'etat of 
1991. 
The coup period devastated organized grassroots groups in Haiti.

The years since have seen a slow but steady rebuilding with many groups 
turning
their attention to the long-term work of building cooperative economic
structures, and of healing the land.  

The strength of the Haitian popular movement and its history of struggle
represents a challenge to the dominant economic model of globalization.

2.  The people of Haiti are resisting corporate globalization.

In Haiti globalization is known as the "plan lamo" or the "death plan."  Since
1994 the Haitian people and government have borne intense pressure to adopt
neoliberal economic policies (opening of markets to U.S. goods, maintaining 
low
wages, austerity programs, and the privatization of state owned enterprises).

When Aristide came back to Haiti in 1994, U.S. officials expected that Haiti's
public enterprises -- the telephone company, electrical company, airport, 
port,
three banks, a cement factory and flour mill -- would be quickly sold to
private corporations, preferably to U.S. multinationals working in partnership
with Haitian elites.  In the last months of his first term as President,
Aristide refused to move forward with privatization, calling instead for a
national dialogue on the issue.  In 1996 the Preval government attempted to
fast track privatization and gain US support for his less popular government. 
Preval faced massive popular demonstrations, which led to the fall of his 
first
government and a protracted political struggle that left the country without a
Prime Minister for almost two years.  Despite U.S. pressure, seven years later
only the flour mill and the cement mill have sold.

In recent years Aristide has continued to be a spokesman for an alternative
vision, one which places human development at the center of all economic
programs.

Now that Aristide is back in power the U.S. is again tightening the screws,
hoping to force his government to accede to Washington's economic agenda, and
to severely limit the Haitian government's ability to invest in its own 
people.

3.  Haiti has a popularly elected government that has committed itself to
making healthcare and education its top priorities.

The Famni Lavalas platform on which President Aristide based his candidacy
proposes decentralized rural development, funded by Haitian government
resources.  It prioritizes small-scale community-based projects as key to 
rural
development.  The centerpiece of the platform is a plan to build, staff and
equip a primary school and primary health care clinic in each of Haiti's 565
rural sections.

4.  Haiti is the only country in the world, aside from Costa Rica, with no
military.

In 1995, President Aristide disbanded the Haitian military.  Wildly popular in
Haiti, the move caught the U.S. by surprise.  Created during the U.S.
occupation of Haiti from 1915-1934, the Haitian military served throughout its
history as a force of internal repression against the Haitian people.  As is
the case throughout Latin America, the Haitian military was a conduit for
covert and overt United States intervention in Haitian affairs.  This conduit
is now gone.  The Haitian military once absorbed 40% of Haiti's national
budget.  Today, Haiti spends zero on the military, making it a model in
devoting resources to human development rather than to militarism.

5.  Haiti has built close, cooperative ties with Cuba.

On February 6, 1996, in his final act in office, President Aristide
reestablished diplomatic relations with Cuba.  The Preval government deepened
and strengthened ties with Cuba.  Cuban assistance has been concrete,
effective, practical, appropriate and speedy -- in stark contrast to the
wasteful, fly-in-another-highly-paid expert type of "aid" offered by the 
United
States and the international lending agencies.

Cuba has sent more than 800 doctors to Haiti as part of a joint Haitian-Cuban
effort to cut infant mortality in half.  Cuba has also provided critical
assistance in agriculture, literacy, communications, and fisheries.  This
cooperation stands as a clear challenge to U.S. plans for Haiti.


The United States has long considered Haiti a threat.

Since 1804, when Haiti gained independence after the world's only successful
slave revolution, the U.S. refused to recognize the new nation, and viewed
Haitian freedom as a danger to the American system of slavery.

Even then Haiti experienced "globalization."

In 1825 Haiti was forced to assume a 150 million franc debt to France as
"reimbursement" to the former slave owners.  To make the first payment Haiti
had to close all its public schools in what has been called the hemisphere's
first case of structural adjustment.  Today, as Haitians attempt to create an
alternative to debt, dependence and the indignity of foreign domination, the
attacks continue.  Haitian grassroots organizations are working for democracy,
better health care, education, reforestation, justice for victims of violence,
and for women to play a full role in Haitian society.  In support of these
goals the new Haitian government has set forth an ambitious agenda for social
investment.  To achieve any of this the Haitian people and government need
political stability, some space to maneuver, and a degree of freedom from
international harassment.  We here in the US owe it to the Haitian people to
help create that opening.


The Haiti Action Committee is a Bay Area based network of activists who have
been supporting the Haitian struggle for democracy since 1991.  Our members
have extensive contacts in the grassroots movement in Haiti and can link
journalists interested in hearing an alternative view with sources both in
Haiti and in the United States.

"Long before 1804, from the moment they were taken from their homes, our
ancestors began the struggle against slavery...The revolution, when it began,
took thirteen long years to achieve.  Today, the weapons may be different, but
we are in a similar moment of struggle, striving to realize 2004.
--Jean-Bertrand Aristide, 2000


For more information contact Haiti Action Committee at haitiaction@yahoo.com