21238: (Chamberlain) Haiti-Voodoo Politics (fwd)

[Bob Corbett <corbetre@webster.edu>]

From: Greg Chamberlain <GregChamberlain@compuserve.com>

   By PAISLEY DODDS

   SOUVENANCE, Haiti, April 11 (AP) -- Haitians celebrated one of the
year's most important Voodoo pilgrimages on Sunday, an event marked by
drumming and sacrifices -- and discussion of whether Haiti's new government
can heal a country still reeling from a bloody rebellion.
   Carrying a heavy political significance this year, the pilgrimage drew
hundreds to Souvenance, a village 90 miles north of Port-au-Prince, where
followers made animal sacrifices to the West African warrior spirit Ogoun
and danced to dizzying drum beats.
   Founded by former slaves from the kingdom of Dahomey -- now Benin --
this dusty village fringed by cactus trees hosts the ceremony each year
during the Rara carnival, when bands of costumed drummers and dancers roam
the countryside.
   Wrapped in white satin scarves, initiates chant and dance throughout the
night to beckon spirits as onlookers gather. Rum, cane liquor and herbs are
offered to appease a pantheon of spirits.
   On Sunday, the faithful sacrificed goats and held them overhead, the
goats' blood dripping onto their heads and staining their white clothes.
   Voodoo is one of Haiti's three constitutionally recognized religions,
along with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. Under President
Jean-Bertrand Aristide, the government sanctioned Voodoo marriages,
baptisms and other rites. Two-thirds of Haiti's 8 million people are said
to practice Voodoo, which worships one creator and many spirits, or loas.
   "Voodoo is all about unity," said George Fernand, 63, a Voodoo houngan,
or priest. "We're hoping the new government will help bring us unity."
   Some of the rebels who staged the revolt that ousted Aristide on Feb. 29
held Voodoo ceremonies at the launch of their insurgency.
   An offering to the Voodoo god of war burned in Gonaives, the site of
Haiti's declaration of independence from France 200 years ago and where the
latest revolt began.
   On Saturday night, initiates gyrated in front of Wilfred Ferdinand, a
rebel leader known as "Little Wil," and a houngan gave him a special
blessing.
   "Voodoo allowed us to accomplish a lot," said Ferdinand, guzzling beers
as he watched the trancelike dancing in the dirt-floor Voodoo temple. "I've
come to pay my respects and see it all happen."
   Government representatives were also expected in Souvenance, but none
had arrived by early Sunday.
   The rebels have close ties to Haiti's impoverished masses, while the
nation's new U.S.-backed interim government is composed of technocrats,
many of whom spent years abroad.
   Interim Prime Minister Gerard Latortue says the government will hold
elections in 2005.
   At least 300 people were killed in the rebellion. Some parts of the
country are still without police and international peacekeepers.
   "The country needs security and it needs leaders who can help stop the
hunger that so many of us have," said Roget Biename, 54, a resident of
Souvenance, which like most villages in Haiti is plagued with malnutrition
and lack of clean water. "If the government wants to earn our trust they
will have to work on all these things."
   Voodoo rituals date back more than 400 years and have roots among the
Yoruba tribe of Togo, Benin and parts of Nigeria.
   The religion was banned by French colonial authorities, forcing slaves
to hide their faith by adopting Catholic saints to correspond to African
deities.
   Several presidents also outlawed Voodoo, but it surged under dictator
Francois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, who with his top hat and glasses resembled
Baron Samedi, the Voodoo guardian of the dead.
   Because of deepening poverty, Voodoo -- which often requires pricey
offerings of alcohol and food to the spirits -- has lost some followers.
But most practice the religion.
   "It's our culture," said Rodney Jean-Louis, 43, a Haitian-American who
came from Queens, New York, to participate in the ceremony. "Whether I'm in
New York or anywhere else, the drums are going to beat in my blood."