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25405: Michel: (reply) RE: 25398: Hyppolite Pierre (point of view): The Third Factor (fwd)





From: herve michel <herve_michel1@hotmail.com>


Dear Mr. Hyppolite,

Your analysis of Dejoie and fignole's struggle is impeccable except for one factor. Repeating that dejoie is a member of THE elite played and still play into the hand of Duvalier and other elites perhaps people form small town who may not have spoken as good a french as dejoie (nor cared to)

The backers of Duvalier were an emergent 'levantine' Elite, urban middle class mulatre/noire and black, and mostly black provincial elites. To repeat that DEJOIE was a member of THE elite is a reification of what has caused so much pain and trouble, he was a member of one of them.

Basically, the absurd notion of a a'primordial' white father passing property to what became a 'endogamous Brahmin 'caste.' Duvalier is a result of state concentration and marginalization of provincial elite and middle classes. The equilibrium of coalition building that racist historian called 'doublure' a balance between various local/regional stare and non state interest was not properly functioning.

Fignole's steam roller was ripe for the picking by black elites in alliances with emergent urban middle classes because some people started to believe and practice the 'Leyburn' thesis. Remember patron client relationships and even ritual of turning hutu into tutsi which imply a fluid identity became concrete when the belgian issued national identity cards and tied promotions to 'tutsiness' it cause rich hutu families to form alliances, when the generals would come to port au prince before the invasion everyone spoke creole, the american made french the official language and picked one sector of the elite over others. Basing their analysis of what is elite on color, Stenio vincent was if it existed at all 'class moyenne'.

Honor and Respect,

Jean-Marie Herve Michel, Jr.



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From: Bob Corbett <corbetre@webster.edu>
To: "Bob Corbett's Haiti list" <haiti@lists.webster.edu>
Subject: 25398:  Hyppolite Pierre (point of view): The Third Factor (fwd)
Date: Wed, 15 Jun 2005 09:17:34 -0500 (CDT)
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From: Hyppolite Pierre <>

On the other hand, perhaps we're not dealing with any "revolution" here. It may be a far-fetched idea as I hope it is. It may however be, something more cynical. Let's get back to some chronology here. A couple months ago, a group of armed men took over the largest prison in Port-au-Prince and freed most prisoners (common but hardened criminals), including former Prime Minister Neptune, and former Interior Minister Privert. Since then, the kidnapping game had been playing rather intensely in Haiti. Agence Haïtienne de Presse for instance, reported in their June 10 web news bulletin that as many as 10 people were kidnapped on that day. Simple coincidence, or something more sinister? There are different kinds of kidnappings in Haiti, as we know it. There are those who kidnapped even street merchants, and requiring ransom as petty as 30 Haitian dollars. However, there is a bulk of kidnappings that seem to be much better thought out and organized. In these cases, the ransom demand goes for as much as US$25,000. Surprisingly also, those kidnapped and freed afterwards for large ransom report having seen iconic pictures of Fanmi Lavalas or Aristide in their detention center. It seems to me, viewed from that perspective, that something even more sinister may be occurring. There's indeed a lashing out against Lavalas by many among those in power, the same way that there is a lashing out against those in power by many of the most hardened Lavalas partisan. No middle ground here. Please bare with me. It then becomes easy for the speculated "third factor", third element in this power struggle to use Fanmi Lavalas icons as a protective shield. In other words, once the blame is put on Lavalas, the investigators will not focus as much on the real culprits who may be a quiet, taciturn group or individual, getting his or their cash ready to get to elections. Meanwhile, those from the Lavalas party who do have the "right" to speak are mostly loud-mouthed with very little to bring in terms of constructive analysis or else. They have yet for instance to denounce formally and publicly for us all to hear, the wave of kidnappings. Instead, just like in the good old tradition, they just denounce it as part of the insecurity brought about after the removal of Aristide. True and accurate but in politics, you don't simply stand on one leg. This is especially true when your party is under attack from all sides and you have to defend it effectively. Meanwhile, if that so-called here third element, third factor plays the cards well, he or they will have amassed some cash to be part of the next electoral process. But the true goal may not be money at all. No one will or would suspect them (this 3rd factor). They will promise security after the next elections. They may actually win and if so, will most certainly bring back a sense of stability and security in the country. This is entirely plausible, considering that supposing the premise here is true (i.e. that the prison breakout was well-planned and implemented by some political organization), those who had planned and committed the action can also, most certainly end it. They would just have to control those troops, or even kill a few of them depending on the need, in order to bring back that so sorely needed sense of security in Port-au-Prince and its surroundings. The problem here is that more likely than not (acknowledging that I am dealing here simply with hypothesis), those planning the kidnapings are neither Lavalas, nor the former Convergence opposition, nor the current government. This is why I think of it at least, as the third factor. It is somebody outside the "mainstream" and contentious box, of Lavalas, the current government, and the former Convergence. It is someone who's cunning and rather smart, who will also undercut both sides because they refuse to acknowledge each other and work by consensus. Far-fetched? Maybe. Maybe. But let's just remember this. After Magloire was deposed in 1956, the political struggle was basically between a populist figure named Daniel Fignolé (barely a "National"), and a more centrist, "Libéral" figure named Louis Déjoie. Fignolé spoke of the "rouleau compresseur", having the masses on his side. Déjoie had a different strategy, more in tune with rational politics (the last time perhaps when a member of the Haitian elite had genuine and well-deserved popular support). But they played the game so badly that François Duvalier became the "Third Factor". Quiet, cunning, and taciturn, he enlisted general Kébreau on his side, neutralized Fignolé (his friend), played the populist game, and won elections on September 22, 1957. Well of course afterwards he forced Kébreau into exile afterwards. But we all know what happend: "security" and "stability", which we're still paying for today. So unless these two parties (Lavalas and all others) decide to make a deal, some kind of a modus vivendi whereby they can eliminate the third factor and truly begin to do politics as politics should be done, we may be for a big and very unpleasant surprise, again for years to come. The international community is getting tired of us, and anyone who can bring "peace", "stability", and "security" to Haiti will be a welcome and appreciated figure. Haiti will then, be off "their" back. As DT would say in his funky French, in Haiti, "plus cela change, plus cela ne change pas" (the more things change, the more they stay the same). My best to you,
Hyppolite